There are numerous kinds of fuel pump relays to manage power delivery to a fuel pump effectively. The most common type of relay in many vehicles is what is called the standard electromagnetic relay. These kinds of relays contain an electromagnet that opens and closes contacts, which in turn enable a small current from the ignition switch to manage a larger current flow to the fuel pump. Most fuel pumps run on a 12-volt power supply processed through electromagnetic relays. These usually last about 100,000 miles before failure, depending on usage and other conditions of the vehicle.
Another kind is the solid-state relays that use semiconductor parts for switching on and off of the fuel pump, rather than mechanical parts. Without moving parts, these relays are tougher and have limited possibility of wear. The solid-state relay type becomes very helpful in high-performance and heavy-duty vehicles where demands on the fuel pump can spike very often. They usually carry a more significant load in current than electromagnetic relays. For larger fuel pumps needing higher operating pressure, mostly above 80 psi in most new, modified, or turbocharged engines. In this design, it provides a reliable and steady flow of current for performance maintenance.
Integrated relay: These are widely used in modern day automobiles wherein the relay is integrated with other electronic control parts. These relays talk directly to the ECU, allowing it to have quite a big amount of precision in regulating the fuel pump according to real-time demands of the engine. Generally speaking, this integrated relay increases fuel efficiency since the ECU operates the variation in pump speed as required for always ensuring the delivery of optimal fuel pressure through varied driving conditions. This kind of relay is quite useful in vehicles having returnless fuel systems, where fuel pressure is directly controlled at the pump.
The other class is the timed relay, which is generally used in applications when the fuel pump needs to run only for a specific time, such as at the instance when the engine is first started. The timed relay turns on the fuel pump for a brief period of time-2 to 5 seconds-so that the pump would have just enough time to prime the fuel system before the engine actually starts running. Beyond this point, power to the pump is fed via the main relay system, which keeps the supply of fuel constant. They can be found on older models or particular designs of vehicles with special needs for the fuel mechanism involved.
In the words of Henry Ford, one of the founders of General Motors, "Quality means doing it right when no one is looking." Selection of the appropriate relay type ensures that the Fuel Pump works well for efficiency in the reliability of the vehicle in general. For reliable fuel pump relays and more information, log in to Fuel Pump.